Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids. This condition can cause redness, swelling, itching, and a gritty feeling in the eye, often accompanied by a discharge that may cause the eyelids to stick together, especially upon waking. Conjunctivitis can be caused by several factors, including viral or bacterial infections, allergies, irritants like smoke or chlorine, and contact lens wear. Viral conjunctivitis, the most common type, is highly contagious and often associated with symptoms of an upper respiratory infection. Bacterial conjunctivitis is also contagious and typically results in a thick, yellow or greenish discharge. Allergic conjunctivitis is triggered by allergens like pollen, pet dander, or dust mites and is not contagious. Treatment for conjunctivitis depends on its cause. Viral conjunctivitis usually resolves on its own within a week or two, and treatment focuses on relieving symptoms with cool compresses and artificial tears. Bacterial conjunctivitis may require antibiotic eye drops or ointments to speed up recovery. For allergic conjunctivitis, avoiding allergens and using antihistamine or anti-inflammatory eye drops can help alleviate symptoms. Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding touching the eyes, can help prevent the spread of infectious conjunctivitis. Seeking medical advice is essential if symptoms are severe, persistent, or worsen, to ensure appropriate treatment and prevent complications.
